Arbitrary Coherence (And How To Beat It)

JakeStratham

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Consider this: if I asked you for the last two digits of your social security number (mine are 79), then asked you whether you would pay this number in dollars (for me this would be $79) for a particular bottle of Côtes du Rhône 1998, would the mere suggestion of that number influence how much you would be willing to spend on wine? Sounds preposterous, doesn’t it? Well, wait until you see what happened to a group of MBA students at MIT a few years ago.


The above passage was written by Duke University Professor Dan Ariel, who authored a book titled Predictably Irrational a few years ago. In it, he describes a phenomenon he calls "arbitrary coherence."

You're probably familiar with it in the context of price anchoring. To wit, once a price has been established in a prospective customer's mind, he or she is inclined to compare other prices for the same good or service to it.

If you're a professional logo designer (charging pro rates), that's why it's tough to convert folks accustomed to buying logos on fiverr. Likewise, if you're a professional copywriter, that's the reason it's tough to lock down folks accustomed to paying $50 per landing page.

It's not that such folks are "cheap" (though that may indeed be the case). It's that you're confronting the issue of arbitrary coherence. They've anchored your product or service to a low price.

The challenge is overcoming that anchor.


The basic idea of arbitrary coherence is this: although initial prices are “arbitrary,” once those prices are established in our minds they will shape not only present prices but also future prices (this makes them “coherent”). So, would thinking about one’s social security number be enough to create an anchor? And would that initial anchor have a long-term influence? That’s what we wanted to see.


The excerpt linked above doesn't explain how to prevail over arbitrary coherence. But it's worth figuring out how to do so. Whether you're a logo designer, copywriter or retailer, beating the anchor set in the client/customer's mind means charging more for whatever you're selling.

More revenue.

Here are a few thoughts (I haven't read Ariely's book, which probably covers this ground).

First, brand obviously plays a role. We need look no further than Apple products to see this in action.

Second, the customer experience matters. There's a restaurant in my city that charges much higher prices for a steak than its competitors. But it's hard to beat the ambiance.

Third, differentiation is crucial. When you visit Starbucks, you don't order a "large" coffee. You order a "Venti" coffee. It's basically the same thing, but that difference helps Starbucks overcome the price set in the minds of its customers for a cup of joe. Few Starbucks customers are coffee aficionados. They can't tell the difference between Blue Mountain and Costa Rica. Yet they're willing to pay twice as much as they'd pay at 7-11, Circle K, or their local donut shop.

So, arbitrary coherence. All of us deal with it from a seller's point of view. But that's no reason to compete on price or rate. In fact, competing on those terms is a race to the bottom.

A better option is to figure out how to overcome the price anchor established in the client/customer's mind. Do that and you'll generate more revenue. Moreover, you'll do so in less time and at a lower conversion rate.

You might be wondering why I'm posting this. I've just been thinking about it lately in the context of my own businesses. Testing is obviously the path to higher conversions. But understanding customer psychology is just as important.

If you have anything to add, definitely do so. I know a lot of you are better at this stuff than myself.

If you're reading this and thinking "This is a waste of my time," perhaps this will make up for it...


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Years ago I had a friend that ran a billards store. He sold pool tables and all the equipment. He used arbitrary coherence every day when a customer walked in.

First show the customer the most expensive table/set he had. Lets say this set was $15,000. It was a luxury table, mohogany frame, the best felt money could buy. Typically customers didn't want to spend this kind of money, so next he would take them to the bottom of the line, a $1000 table. It looked like something you'd buy at walmart.

After seeing the high end one the low end one was simply shit, so he would then take them to a middle of the road one, one that runs about $7500. Typically thats what the customer bought. Because it wasn't that piece of shit $1000 one and it wasn't the "I gotta take out a second mortgage" expensive one.

He sold a shit ton of pool tables at huge markups using that tactic. Car salesmen do the same thing. Show them the $65k SUV with all the bells and whistles, then show them the shit tier one at $35k and they'll end up settling somewhere in the middle at $45k.

That is how you overcome arbitrary coherence, give your customers the options they should chose from instead of letting them compare prices themselves.
 
Whether you're a logo designer, copywriter or retailer, beating the anchor set in the client/customer's mind means charging more for whatever you're selling.
Doesn't this mostly come down to conveying value?

Let's say you're selling logo design.

Your price is $250 per logo.

Unfortunately, your prospect, after a doing several hours of research, has anchored the price for your services at $50 (he's reviewed 3-5 competitors, and it seems $50-70 is the typical price for a logo).

The challenge then is convincing him that he should pay YOU $250 for a logo instead of paying a competitor $50 for a logo. "Why would I pay you $250 for a logo when I can get pretty much the same thing for $50?"

A winning strategy might be:

  1. Explain to your prospect why larger, established brands pay upwards of $1,000-$5,000+ on a logo instead of $50. Break it down to them. Break down the importance of branding, the subtle, psychological components of logo design, cite studies, etc. Make your prospect view the decision to spend thousands on a logo from the perspective of an established brand.
  2. Next, explain to your prospect why smaller brands typically spend $50 on a logo. Make the prospect feel like you're reading his mind - like you understand the temptation to drop $50 on a logo because it's "good enough." Subtly frame your analysis of a $50 logo's value in terms of, "you get what you pay for." So now you've compared/contrasted a $5,000 logo to a $50 logo. There should be a massive chasm between the two, and your prospect should feel like he's missing out.
  3. At this point, your prospect's biggest objection will be, "okay, it seriously sucks that I'm missing out on all the benefits of a premium logo design, but I can't justify spending that much money. It's out of the question." That's when you swoop in with your offer, which is basically a compromise. You offer the best elements of an $x,xxx service with the speed and simplicity of a $50 service.

    If your prospect is serious about his brand, there's almost no way he can justify settling for $50 branding at this point. He would feel like he's betraying himself.

    EDIT: Fuck me. Just realized Cheshire said the exact same thing, but gave a real life anecdote.

    Nevermind. lol
 
Doesn't this mostly come down to conveying value?

Let's say you're selling logo design.

Your price is $250 per logo.

Unfortunately, your prospect, after a doing several hours of research, has anchored the price for your services at $50 (he's reviewed 3-5 competitors, and it seems $50-70 is the typical price for a logo).

The challenge then is convincing him that he should pay YOU $250 for a logo instead of paying a competitor $50 for a logo. "Why would I pay you $250 for a logo when I can get pretty much the same thing for $50?"

A winning strategy might be:

  1. Explain to your prospect why larger, established brands pay upwards of $1,000-$5,000+ on a logo instead of $50. Break it down to them. Break down the importance of branding, the subtle, psychological components of logo design, cite studies, etc. Make your prospect view the decision to spend thousands on a logo from the perspective of an established brand.
  2. Next, explain to your prospect why smaller brands typically spend $50 on a logo. Make the prospect feel like you're reading his mind - like you understand the temptation to drop $50 on a logo because it's "good enough." Subtly frame your analysis of a $50 logo's value in terms of, "you get what you pay for." So now you've compared/contrasted a $5,000 logo to a $50 logo. There should be a massive chasm between the two, and your prospect should feel like he's missing out.
  3. At this point, your prospect's biggest objection will be, "okay, it seriously sucks that I'm missing out on all the benefits of a premium logo design, but I can't justify spending that much money. It's out of the question." That's when you swoop in with your offer, which is basically a compromise. You offer the best elements of an $x,xxx service with the speed and simplicity of a $50 service.

    If your prospect is serious about his brand, there's almost no way he can justify settling for $50 branding at this point. He would feel like he's betraying himself.

    EDIT: Fuck me. Just realized Cheshire said the exact same thing, but gave a real life anecdote.

    Nevermind. lol
Brilliant post. Very well explained.