Let's look at #1... They work 400 hours less than the USA, yet incomes in Norway are $40,000 higher per person ($12,000 higher if you adjust for cost of living). Their GDP per capita is higher also, even with the fewer hours worked.
I think the recent boom in Norway is all on account of striking oil recently.
At any given point these numbers will fluctuate and countries' respective positions in these tables will fluctuate. Some countries will move up and down, but the US, I suspect, has had one of the highest per capita GDPs for a long time, has had one of the top average hourly wages for a long time, one of the top average and/or median yearly incomes for a long time.
Also Norway is a fraction of the size of the US. I'm not an economist but I have to believe that there is something in economics that is somewhat equivalent to the scaling laws in physics, you know, the laws that allow an ant to carry many times its body weight.
I would suspect that when you scale the size of an economy(taking into account land area, population and GDP) that it gets harder and harder to maintain the same per capita numbers.
In other words if you scaled Norway up to the size of the US, would it be able to sustain its per capita numbers?
The reason I suspect this is because I don't know of any other country our size in history that has maintained top spots in key metrics for as long of a time. I wonder what the USSR's peak per capita GDP was?
I found something, if the numbers are to be trusted:
Per Capita GDP USSR (Former) - Swivel
USSR's was around $5000 when ours was around $20000. China's is now around $5000 where ours is around $50000.
Also, you have to account for the per capita numbers of smaller countries being more easily skewed. Look at the per capita numbers for the tiny country of
Liechtenstein. They have a population of 35,000 and a per capita GDP(PPP) of $118,000. Why? Maybe Ryan Eagle has dual citizenship?